Favorite Film Cameras: The Rikoh XR-7M (1989)

By the 1980s, the development of the SLR had advanced to produce solid cameras with a remarkable list of specs. Some companies lead the market by spending tons of money on commercials, magazine advertisements and endorsements, others sought to offer good value for money. Now that these bodies are affordable and collectable, it is fun to check out what different design concepts could achieve. The Rikoh XR-7M is one of the unsung heroes of the age.

Skinny parking garage. Kodak Pro Image 100.

Ricoh itself dates back to 1938. In the 1980s, their range of SLRs included beginner, advanced amateur and professional models. The XR-7M features aperture priority with full manual override. The shutter speeds range from 8 seconds to 1/2000. You can use any of the Pentax K-Mount lenses on this typical 1980s style camera body. It handles well and the body is sturdy and durable. Although constructed to last, it is lightweight and quite ergonomic to operate. What I like in particular is the easy multiple exposure switch and therefore the ability to produce in camera double, triple, and multiple exposures.

The Ricoh’s double exposure function tested with expired “Farbwelt 200” film.

Like many of these models, they get little love: They don’t have the cache of big brand names and often fly under the radar of collectors. Which makes it easier to acquire them at a decent price! I would recommend investing in a deal involving a few lenses and a bag, this will not set you back very much.

Overpass from below (Kodak Pro Image 100)

Bargain price, good ergonomics, and plenty of potential to experiment: now wonder I enjoy using the 1980s SLR’s! With demand and prices increasing, it is still fun to seek out affordable mechanical machinery from the “golden age”. However, some of the camera may soon reach their natural demise, so if you have them in your collection, take them out for a spin and enjoy them.

Ghostlike apparition (Agfa APX 400)
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The lenses (made in Japan) are suitably sharp. I like the film “look”, and I do think sharpness is overrated, just like bokeh. Although I like the testing of “new to me” camera, I also enjoy investing a bit more time in producing better images. It is indeed satisfying to experience the ability of these contraptions to capture an image at all, yet it gives me pleasure to add a little spice and push them to the limits. And although I do experiment with expired film, I think the best way to do the vintage cameras a service is to honor them with fresh film to bring out their full potential.

Layers (Fuji 200)

The Ricoh XR-7m is a great vintage SLR from the best age of SLR camera manufacturing. The company and this particular model seem to have been underrated throughout their life span. A real discovery. It is one of these camera bodies I have on my “grab and go” shelf – these are the no-nonsense, reliable film cameras that perform and do not get in the way. (I also have another shelf of “slow down” cameras – these are the mechanical masterpieces that have quirky features or unusual operations you have to keep in mind in the field – or look into the manual to find out about this mysterious switch).

Double vision (Farbwelt 200 expired)
Sculptural look (Agfa APX 400)

Link:

http://www.fotolaborinfo.de/foto/ricohkamera.htm#Ricoh_Kauf

Favorite Film Cameras: The Contax 137 MD (1980-82)

The Contax brand is one of the most famous names in photography. The Cold War split the company in two. In postwar West Germany, Zeiss Ikon (Stuttgart) was responsible for making cameras with this name. In good competitive fashion, state companies in East Germany used the same brand for a while, changing the brand on their export models sold in the Western markets. But then, Japanese camera makers conquered market shares. West German cameras were over-engineered and too expensive.

The Emperor’s Seat: Rock formation and vinyard designation in the Ahrtal (Agfa APX 100)

With the demise of the Zeiss Ikon company in the late 1960s, the lensmaker Carl Zeiss was looking for a partner company and found it in Yashica. In 1972, an agreement was signed. From now on, the legendary Carl Zeiss lenses would be made for a Japanese body (and the lenses soon were also manufactured in East Asia).

Tradition and modernity: Street in Rech in the Ahrtal (Agfa APX 100)

This Contax/Yashica 137 MD is one of the underrated “sleeper” cameras to discover and enjoy. Appearances can deceive but the classic design (some call it “puristic”) is elegant and functional. It echoes the pioneer of the series, the Contax RTS designed by Porsche. This camera handles very well, just like its predecessor, the 139. But the 137, introduced in 1980, has an integrated motor drive which advances the film automatically (rewind is manual, though). In terms of controls, aperture-priority makes the most sense to me, so that’s a benefit here. One big plus is the ability to use Carl Zeiss Oberkochen glass, in my case the CZ Planar 50mm f1.7 T* and the 28mm Distagon.

Another great lens upfront: The Carl Zeiss 28mm Distagon f2.8.
Bright but cloudy: The parish church in Kronenburg/Eifel (Fuji 200)

I got into the Contax orbit by virtue of Heidifoto in Munich. When I started exploring vintage cameras, I encountered a range of websites discussing gear and glass. Heidifoto explained how the Contax-Zeiss collaboration combined the best of Japanese and German engineering. I really enjoyed their way of talking about the benefit of using the system, and actively sought out a few Contax bodies with the most inexpensive lenses. My learning curve was steep, but it helps when you see the results of Zeiss craftsmanship. The relationship between cost and performance was unbeatable.

Underneath the Autobahn (Ilford FP4)

On a vacation, my steps somehow led me to Heidifoto headquarters where they offer a spectacular selection of vintage camera gear. Of course, to honor their commitment to analog photography, I had to purchase something, right? Eventually, a clean and beautiful Carl Zeiss 28mm Distagon ended up in my bag.

Time to reflect: Cologne Central Station (Agfa APX 100)

Now, time always has an effect on products from the 1980s. In some cases, the soft leatherette disintegrates, and you can reskin the body with an easily available set in your favorite color. There is a similar issue with Nikons from the era, but it is easier to use alcohol to get the surface cleaned up and reveal the bare plastic. Mechanically, there is little to fault the engineers. Straightforward instructions, AE lock, under- or overexposure buttons. Nothing fancy or complicated. Since I am using many different cameras in a short time, these features seem to suit me best. It can be quite frustrating to set aside a camera to check the manual again for some inexplicable combination of buttons (I am thinking rewind functions of the Nikon F90!)

The bridge over the Ahr at Rech (Agfa APX 100)

SLRs in the 1980s were expensive, the latest electronics made prices jump. Everything from watches to cameras had to have the term “quartz” in them to make a splash. At the same time, competition was fierce, and manufacturers had to offer a good price to succeed. When brand new, you had to shell out 900 DM (approximately 450 Euro) for the Contax 137MD.

Quiet times in the vinyard on the Ahr (Agfa APX 100)

My selection of favorite cameras of course reflects my mode of operation: With analog cameras, I rarely use flash or self-timer. Most of my shots are done in daylight. Where the makers in the 1970s and 1980s racked their brains about making their machines capture every last bit of light, I am less impressed with these kinds of applications. There are some moments where digital is less challenging. In other areas, the challenge might be interesting.

Storage. The Ahr Valley (Agfa APX 100)

The Contax has the familiar LED lights in the viewfinder. Battery-powered, but running on 4 standard AA batteries! Although you would think the batteries make it too heavy, that is really not the case, as the ergonomics are very good and the body weighs in at under a pound. The shutter is electronic and very buttery. The Contax is a technological wonder for the time. About 50,000 copies of this particular model sold.

Well defended: The Castle above Kronenburg/Eifel (Fuji 200)

Today, the Contax 137 MD is pleasant to use for an outing. You can focus on composition, knowing that the machine will capture the subject in all its glory. It delivers great images, has great functionality. It does not get in the way with strange button combinations. And it is not expensive to purchase, even the fabulous lenses are a fraction of what other (more storied) products cost. As in the 1980s, using the C/Y system allows you to try out the Carl Zeiss optics at a very good price. You might start a collection of their lenses for the money you saved on this fantastic body!

Eifel window, Kronenburg Castle (Fuji 200)

Another fun experiment is using a red filter and shooting a roll of Ilford SFX 400. I had the opportunity to visit Bandelier National Park near Los Alamos in New Mexico for a pleasant hike.

Rugged geological formations in New Mexico, capture with the Contax 137 MD and Ilford SFX 400 (adding a red filter).
Sparse vegetation among the stones in Bandelier National Park, New Mexico.
Using the wide angle 28mm Distagon to capture the light at the end of the tunnel
Sunset over Nebraska lake (Kearney, NE) Portra 400
Vintage color scheme on an old Chevy (Portra 400)
Front matter: San Francisco de Asis in Taos, New Mexico (Portra 400)

Links:

Manual: https://www.butkus.org/chinon/contax/contax_137/contax_137.htm

https://kamerakult.de/2020/07/17/contax-137-md-quartz-test-review/

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http://www.ms-photo.de/analog-classics/Website/site-Contax.html

http://photoethnography.com/ClassicCameras/Contax137MD.html

Favorite Film Cameras: The Zeiss Ikon Contina IIa 527/24 (1954-56)

The stylish 1950s Contina

A postwar-classic little gem. From the glory days of West German camera production. Great ergonomics, shutter sound and smooth film advance. A sharp lens. Inexpensive. The Contina IIa hits all the buttons. It’s remarkable how quickly after the devastation of the war the fractured Zeiss company was able to regroup and offer quality products to the world. This camera was produced in Stuttgart, West Germany, during the period of the postwar Wirtschaftswunder, the economic miracle. At this time, manufacturing was still semi-artisanal and involved many expert eyes and hands.

Industrial landscape (Kodak Ultramax 400)
Castle closed: the Wasserschloss Bedburg-Paffendorf (Kodak Gold 200)

One caveat: The Contina series is confusing since the company used the name for different types and models, so you need to carefully inspect your copy and locate it in the Contina family tree. Maybe the designers and marketers liked the Italian flavor of the name too much…

Icicles have formed overnight (Kodak Ultramax 400)

Designed by Hubert Nerwin, the Contina started out as a folder but soon (1954) became rigid. It is not spectacular – a fixed lens and a leaf shutter. But like many well designed objects you grow accustomed to using it very quickly. A bit of a throwback to the days of craftsmanship and long assembly lines of quality control employees, the Zeiss Ikon Contina reminds us of the good times of the 1950s. While out of reach of the normal wage earner, it was something you aspired to, if you got a promotion, if you could afford the next little luxury. In a way, the camera embodies the promise of upward mobility. The Contina fits perfectly in your hand and has elegant controls. And a very bright viewfinder. But the proof is in the photos. Even the cheapest lens, the Novonar, is very good.

Evening mood (Kodak Gold 200)
A small bog in the Eifel. (Fuji 200)

The light meter on my copy still works ok. It is fun to work with the LV scale and check it against my lightmeter app. At the time of production, the camera cost 215 DM which amounts to about 500 Euro today, quite a sum. Families would have to save for months to afford it. That makes the pretty shiny object into a status symbol as well.

Rapeseed field in the Eifel near Euskirchen (Fuji 200)

Even after 50 years, you can sense the precision and care that went into the manufacturing process. The pride of everybody involved. The meticulous quality control. The care that went into storing it into the case and keeping it in a cool dark space in your home. The leather case protected it from the wear and tear. No earthquake or flood could harm the precious family heirloom. The Contina was made for weddings and birthday parties, for anniversaries and New Year’s Eve. Maybe someone captured the 1954 World Cup triumph of the German Nationalmannschaft with a Contina.

The Wahner Heide (heath) on the outskirts of Cologne (Kodak Gold 200)

It’s practical, handsome, versatile. You cannot go wrong with the Contina as a sweet little beauty to carry on a walk through town. It works like the finely tuned mechanical object it is. A satisfying shutter sound, and the film advance ratchets smoothly.

Kronenburg, the little gem, where inhabitants decorate the city (Fuji 200)
Wasserschloss Bedburg-Paffendorf (Kodak Gold 200)
A boardwalk leads visitors over the bog in Dahlem, Eifel (Fuji 200)

Links:

Manual:

https://www.butkus.org/chinon/zeiss_ikon/zeiss_ikon_contina_ii/zeiss_ikon_contina_ii.htm

Info including the Contina “family tree”:

https://camerapedia.fandom.com/wiki/Zeiss_Ikon_Contina_series

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https://www.engel-art.ch/zeiss-ikon-contina/

http://elekm.net/pages/cameras/continaii.htm

Favorite Film Cameras: The Carl Zeiss Werra (1954-66)

An olive gem from behind the Iron Curtain
Not the Werra but the Rhine river. A shot that would have pleased the East German government during the Cold War – a paved tank crossing. (Fuji 200)

The Werra, named after a small river in Central Germany, has gone from an ugly duckling to a cult camera. It has several unique features: It was made by a company renowned for lenses, but not for camera bodies. The Werra originated behind the Iron Curtain, where the Communist government considered consumer products a bourgeois luxury. The design and ergonomics remained largely untouched by modern tendencies to entice a customer to purchase the product. Time, however, has made the “made in GDR” product a classic. Today, the Museum of Modern Art has a Werra in their collection. ( I am deeply indebted to Yves Strobelt and Marco Kroeger and their fabulous website www.zeissikonveb.de)

The East side: Towers of the Remagen railroad bridge. (Fuji 200)

The Werra would not garner much attention in a 1960 or 1970s photography shop. It is small, distinctly NOT shiny, and offers few spectacular specs. If you place it next to, say, the Kodak Retina range, the Werra would place a distant second. Even the most affordable Retinette model offered more capabilities. But customers rarely saw these cameras side by side in the showcase. The Kodak Retina was created and designed in West Germany, the Werra was the brainchild of engineers in East Germany. During the Cold War, few copies of these cameras made the journey to the other side. Most likely, there were more Werras in the West than Kodaks in Communism.

The peaceful Ahr river. In July 2021, a massive rainstorm created havoc in this valley.

Carl Zeiss Jena ( the “Jena” is pronounced YEH-nah) is a storied company, surviving mergers, wars, dictatorships and overseas competition. Optical glass was and still is where Carl Zeiss rules supreme. At the height of the East-West divide, diplomats negotiated trademark violations as the company had been split in half by the division of Germany. It remains a distinction that for a period of time, the company just put the name of the town on their lenses as a makeshift trademark. “Aus Jena” (“from Jena”) was enough to convince the prospective buyer that the cut glass inside the lens was of the highest quality. Soviet kosmonauts relied on the optical glass from the German Democratic Republic (GDR).

Vinyards along the Ahr river. (Fuji 200)

The Werra originated as a quirk of camera production in East Germany. With the establishment of VEB Zeiss Ikon (1955) and later VEB Pentacon (1964), East Germany had created a mammoth conglomerate to supply much of the Eastern world with photographic equipment. Dresden and its environs, with its long tradition of fine mechanical engineering, now produced a range of products from medical-scientific cameras to space observation telescopes. Most Westerners got to see a by-product, the Praktica range of cameras. The export models were sold abroad to gain valuable hard currency. They emulated the Soviet Zenits, unremarkable but solid, sturdy, unkaputtbar.

The Werra coolly displaying its reversible hood system
Cologne in Covid times. (Fuji 200)

By contrast, the Werra was designed by VEB Carl Zeiss Jena. The lensmaker started from scratch: what would they want in a consumer camera? It is ironic that their expertise resulted in a camera which literally revolved around the lens: Famously, the Werra film advance is not by lever on the top plate, but by a twist of the lens which advances the film and tensions the shutter. It also advances the film counter. Play a trick on your friends and let them take a picture with the Werra and have them look for the film advance lever.

Bridge at Remagen: Now a museum of peace and understanding (Fuji 200)

Bare bones it is. No electronics, no battery. No self-timer. The color scheme: olive, like a military uniform. Then the next iteration: black, as trendy then as now. Of course, the lens is the magical component: Zeiss Tessar 50mm f.2.8. Sharp as a whistle. Beware of the aperture ring which can move very easily during handling. My example, on the other hand, has a very tight focus ring. Your fingers will get plenty of muscle exercise. Once you get the film advance move right (it’s the “Werra twist”), you can fire away.

Classic Vista: The Rhine river at Remagen. Notice the basalt lava rocks of the Erpeler Lay. (Fuji 200)

Holding the Werra means holding a piece of history. The small consumer camera originated as a result of the death of a dictator. Stalin had always preferred tanks to butter. People did not need any fancy luxuries if the Soviet camp needed weapons to defend itself against capitalism. His death in March 1953 sparked unease and revolt across the Soviet orbit. In June 1953, Soviet tanks crushed the demand for more freedoms in East Germany. Subsequently, the Soviet leaders would pay more attention to the needs and wants of the population. Private consumption would alleviate widespread dissatisfaction. The “Little Brother” GDR soon followed suit with the declaration of the “New Course”.

Japanese Garden in Bonn (Kodak 200)

Top-down: The East German Ministerrat (Council of Ministers) suggested the dedication of resources to a range of consumer items, even private automobiles. Carl Zeiss was ordered to produce a simple camera for the masses. Ideally, the camera could also be exported and earn hard Deutschmarks across the barbed wire in West Germany. The later Werra I (1955) was offered for 128 DM in West Germany, about 300 Euro in 2021. Photographic items such as ORWO paper and film, and cameras were among the few products “made in GDR” which could find customers in the West.

Covid times around the Cathedral. (Fuji 200)

The first models proudly sported the “Tessar” lens design name. But the officials quickly realized that in order to compete on the Western markets, you had to abide by the rules, and that included copyright law. The West German Zeiss company owned the “Tessar” brand name for lenses. To avoid costly lawsuits, VEB CZ Jena replaced the “Tessar” designation with a simple “T” on their lens ring. Advertisements in West-Berlin praised the “Ernst -Abbe Jena” origin to indicate the long tradition. Of course, the design had its origin in the prewar “Tessar”, before the company split. East German legal worries also explain that you will not find any mention of the manufacturer “VEB Carl Zeiss” anywhere on the Werra’s outside.

Ready for the picknick. (Fuji 200)

In typical Socialist style, the order to build the camera came from (East) Berlin. A completely new factory was established in Eisfeld in Thuringia, on the Werra river. VEB Carl Zeiss Jena had never produced a camera. They had to start from scratch. Eisfeld itself had no significant photography tradition, and no engineering university nearby.

Living underneath the towers. (Fuji 200)

This allowed a fresh look at all parts and resulted in a few novel solutions. No wonder the marketing campaign (yes, there was a marketing campaign in the GDR) praised the “camera with a new face”. However, as the VEB Carl Zeiss had to answer to ministries, not the market, the Werra suffered from bureaucratic intervention and the overall disadvantaged position of East Germany in global trade. Because of scarce resources, the GDR was unwilling to purchase parts abroad, for example by paying licensing fees to West German or Japanese companies. Everything had to be developed in-house, so to speak.

Springtime among the wealthy. (Kodak 200)

Unfortunately, a clever undercover maneuver from prewar times now came to haunt the East German engineers. In the 1920s and 1930s, Carl Zeiss secretly bought up companies like Alfred Gauthier and Friedrich Deckel, securing a controlling interest in the manufacturing of camera shutters. But the Iron Curtain had severed the ties between Jena and these manufacturers located in West Germany. Now the GDR had to produce its own shutter which became a long and complicated struggle. The Werra therefore came with a new but instantly outdated shutter, the VEBUR. The lack of sophisticated features made sales in the West nearly impossible, and Carl Zeiss had to request additional funds to purchase the Synchro-Compur shutter in Munich for later models.

Protestant church (Kodak 200)

A vicious cycle had started: the product, intended to gain Western currency, was a flop. Any upgrades involved purchasing parts from the West, further reducing the original intention as a money-maker. No wonder the East Berlin bureaucrats started to become fiscally conservative.

Summertime along the linden trees (Fuji 200)

When the Werra hit the market, photographers had started using color slide film and demanded sophisticated light meters. The Werra I had none, of course.

The Rheinaue park in Bonn (Kodak 200)

As the photographic industry hit major milestones of innovation in the 1960s, the Werra designers haplessly carried on, with several models incorporating light meters and flash synchronization which were also outdated by the time they hit the shelves. Frustrated designers tried to re-invent complicated mechanisms already incorporated into Japanese models. Fortunately, the main customer base inside the German Democratic Republic remained unable to purchase “capitalist” cameras. A captive audience indeed which also hampered the innovative spirit of the (very capable) engineers. They hit the wall. Money was allocated by the central government, and the officials did not want to hear costly proposals for improvements.

A swan finds his way along the riverbank. (Fuji 200)

While the Werra seems to have been exported to the United Kingdom, the United States remained “Werra”-free. Maybe there is an explanation for today’s interest in the model. Certainly, the East German government eventually understood the limited appeal of the outdated specs: shutter, light meter, handling: Japanese makers were winning the battle in the marketplace against the West German camera industry, and East Germany could not compete. In 1965 the company decided not to continue the Werra beyond the year 1968 “due to the unfavorable returns in hard currency”.

The Werra captures capitalism: Stately home (Fuji 200 expired)

The vulcanized appearance with the trademark green color apparently originated with the preferred color of Zeiss binoculars, and managers also referred to the green of the Thuringian forest as an inspiration. The Werra invites categorization as one of the few admired GDR products. Some call the overall design “spartan”. other compare it to “Bauhaus-style”.

Mission Impossible: The Werra captures the Villa Hammerschmidt, the residence of the Federal President in Bonn (Kodak 200)

Another unique design feature is the lenscap – it is shaped like an upside down shot glass. If you unscrew it, you can re-attach it the other way round to have it serve as a lens shade. It provides the Werra with a very futuristic appearance. Taking pictures with the Werra, regardless of the model, gives you a fascinating insight into the Cold War, industrial history, marketing, the flaws of Socialist production, and the remarkable achievements of designers, engineers, craftsmen, and assembly line workers behind the Iron Curtain. It is therefore a great example of a camera with a history. About 500,000 copies were made during the production period. As Mike Elek has concluded, there are few cameras like it!

Links:

https://zeissikonveb.de/start/kameras/werra.html

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https://filmphotographyproject.com/content/reviews/2014/08/werra-film-camera/

Mike Elek’s review of the Werra 3:

http://elekm.net/zeiss-ikon/werra3/

http://www.cjs-classic-cameras.co.uk/zeiss/werra.html

https://www.moma.org/collection/works/174806

The modest Werra made it to the Museum of Modern Art.

Favorite Film Cameras: The Canon AE-1 (1976-1984)

The Cologne Cathedral is usually adorned by scaffolding, indicating ongoing preservation work (Kodak Gold 200)

This is the first instalment of a series on extraordinary cameras. The Canon AE-1 is not only a classic milestone in the history of film cameras, it also occupies a special place since it was the first modern SLR in our home. Beforehand, photography was rather challenging – you had to calculate distance and focus. Family photos were time-consuming, and the subjects quickly got tired of posing awkwardly, unless you had a landscape or flowers in front of you. In those days, finishing a 36-frame film took months. It was expensive to develop the prints. On the other hand, you would sit down and share the photos, trying to remember together where this frame was shot. Purchasing the Canon AE-1 was a game-changer. It was faster, it offered a system of interchangeable lenses, and it turned photography from a documentary practice to fun. Mind you, it was not cheap: the cost was between 600 and 700 DM, which amounts to approximately 800-900 Euro in today’s age.


This demonstrator in front of the cathedral reminds us that “weniger” – “less” is more (Kodak Gold 200)

We took pictures when family gathered for birthdays and holidays, or when we traveled on vacation once a year. Subsequently, the stack of negatives and prints of a family archive neatly fits into a couple of shoeboxes and a few albums. By comparison, shooting digitally means amassing tens of thousands of images, storing them on hard drives and computers, and possibly forgetting them.

Nighttime under a railway bridge (Kodak Ektar 100). Photo meetup event.

Picking up the Canon AE-1 is a joy. The ergonomics are brilliant, the weight is perfect with 750g, the shutter noise and the film advance are smooth and crisp after all these years. Great Japanese engineering. It is not complicated to handle, since it was designed for the enthusiast. As in the 1980s, the camera fulfills the mission: to improve the photographic quality of your images, to allow people to learn the craft, and to make lasting memories.

Open pit mining in Garzweiler (Kodak Gold200, 28mm)

The Canon AE-1 can be the workhorse for analog images, or it can be the Sunday treat. In my kit, the standard 50mm and a 28mm get the most traction. I am not a big fan of the old zoom lenses, so I try to stick to the primes. It is ideal for your photo walk around town, picking up some details or the occasional wider angle, here at use in the local industrial mining area.

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You cannot go wrong if you stash the Canon AE-1 in the bag for a stroll around. The camera does what the best sports referees attempt to do: It stays out of the way, allowing you to focus on the composition. There is a reason Canon sold millions of copies. It put a sophisticated electronic device into the hands of the consumer.

Maybe the most popular SLR: The Canon AE-1.

Links:

https://casualphotophile.com/2015/09/17/canon-ae-1-program-vs-ae-1-camera-review/

Manual: https://www.butkus.org/chinon/canon/canon_ae-1/canon_ae-1.htm

Advertising Analog

The German magazine GEO started out in the late 1970s, combining environmental, cultural and social reportage essays with exclusive photography. The editors commissioned famous and soon-to-be-famous photographers to cover stories around the globe. Susan Maiselas, for example, shot a story about the Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua. I found a few stacks from the late 1970s and early 1980s in pristine condition when a neighbor emptied their basement. Has the coverage stood the test of time? The essays vary in quality, and the tone of the writing often reminds us today of the stereotypes and misunderstandings of a bygone era. But in many ways, the curiosity about the world runs like a thread through the pages. The customs of an African people was as exotic as the way of life of the Japanese. But the reporters also examined the strange attitude and behavior of German Schuetzenvereine (shooting clubs).

Not surprisingly, some photography companies regularly supported the magazine by purchasing ad space. Canon was a regular, but also Minolta and Pentax. Kodak and Agfa battled it out for their latest emulsions. Leitz only advertised their range of binoculars. Here is a sample of the ads, with plenty of text to underscore the technological advances.

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